Everything about William Nogaret totally explained
Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret (
1260/
1270 –
1313) was councillor and
keeper of the seal to
Philip IV of France.
Early life
His father was a citizen of
Toulouse, and was, so it was claimed, condemned as a
heretic during the
Albigensian crusade. The family held a small ancestral property of servile origin at
Nogaret, near Saint-Félix-de-Caraman (today's
Saint-Félix-Lauragais), from which it took its name. In
1291 Guillaume was professor of
jurisprudence at the
university of Montpellier, and in
1296 he became a member of the
Curia Regis at
Paris.
Councillor to Philip IV
His name is mainly connected with the quarrel between Philip IV and
Pope Boniface VIII. In
1300 he was sent with an embassy to Boniface, of which he left a picturesque and highly coloured account. His influence over the king dates from February
1303, when he persuaded Philip to consent to the bold plan of seizing Boniface and bringing him forcibly from
Italy to a council in France meant to depose him. On
March 7 he received, with three others, a secret commission from the royal chancery to "go to certain places ... and make such treaties with such persons as seemed good to them." On
March 12 a solemn royal assembly was held in the
Louvre, at which Guillaume de Nogaret read a long series of accusations against Boniface and demanded the calling of a general council to try him.
Soon afterwards he went to Italy. By the aid of a Florentine spy, Nogaret gathered a band of adventurers and of enemies of the
Gaetani (Boniface's family) in the
Apennines. The great Colonna house, at bitter feud with the Gaetani, was his strongest ally, and
Sciarra Colonna accompanied Nogaret to
Anagni, Boniface's birthplace. On
September 7, with their band of some sixteen hundred men, Nogaret and Colonna surprised the little town. Boniface was taken prisoner. Sciarra wished to kill him, but Nogaret's policy was to take him to France and compel him to summon a general council.
The tide soon turned, however. On the 9th a concerted rising of the townsmen in Boniface's favour put Nogaret and his allies to flight, and the pope was free. His death at
Rome on
October 11 saved Nogaret. The election of the timid
Benedict XI was the beginning of that triumph of France which lasted through the
Avignon captivity. Early in
1304 Nogaret went to
Languedoc to report to Philip IV, and was rewarded by gifts of land and money. Then he was sent back with an embassy to Benedict XI to demand absolution for all concerned in the struggle with Boniface VIII. Benedict refused to meet Nogaret, and excepted him from the general absolution which he granted on
May 12,
1304, and on
June 7 issued against him and his associates at Anagni the
bull Flagitiosum scelus. Nogaret replied by apologies for his conduct based upon attacks upon the memory of Boniface, and when Benedict died on
July 7,
1304 he pointed to his death as a witness to the justice of his cause.
French influence was successful in getting a Frenchman, Bertrand de Got (
Clement V) elected as Benedict's successor. The threat of proceedings against the memory of Boniface was renewed to force Clement to absolve Nogaret, and Clement had given way on this point when the further question of an inquiry into the condition of the
Knights Templar was brought forward by Philip as a preliminary to their arrest and the seizure of their property in October
1307. Nogaret was active in getting the renegade members of the order to give evidence against their fellows, and the whole proceedings against them bear traces of his unscrupulous and merciless pen. Clement's weak and ineffective resistance to this still further delayed the agreement between him and Philip. Nogaret had become keeper of the seal this year in succession to
Pierre de Belleperche.
His talents as an
advocatus diaboli were given still further employment in the trial of
Guichard, bishop of Troyes, charged with various crimes, including
witchcraft and unchastity, which was begun in
1308 and lasted till
1313. The trial was a hint to Clement as to what might happen if the oft repeated threat of a trial of Boniface were fulfilled. Absolution was obtained from Clement on
April 27,
1311. Guillaume de Nogaret was to go on the next
crusade and visit certain places of
pilgrimage in France and
Spain as a penance, but never did so. He died in 1313 with his tongue horribly thrust out, according to the chronicler
Jean Desnouelles. He retained the seals till his death and was occupied with the king's affairs concerning
Flanders as late as the end of March 1313.
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